This paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the dilution produced in the mixing region by a circular turbulent wall (bed) jet of diameter d, discharged at right angles into a cross flow of depth D, with jet velocities varied from 2 to 12 times the mean velocity of the cross flow. For a depth-to-diameter ratio D/d of 20, minimum dilutions of about 100 were obtained in the mixing region, which extended through the momentum dominated near and far fields, to the passive plume region. A correlation has been developed to predict the minimum dilution in the mixing region in terms of a transformed distance αx/d. Concentration profiles in the vertical plane along the axis of the deflected jet as well as in the transverse plane of maximum concentration were found to be similar. Some observations have also been made for D/d equal to 10 and 5. The results of this study can be used for designing efficient outfalls in shallow rivers.
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