Two Butterflys, One Nightingale and an 'Injured Bird': Japan on Stage, 1900-1904

摘要

At the turn of the century, both Broadway and West End London stages were dominated by a handful of producers, who sometimes collaborated but more often sabotaged each other. Each had their own actors under contract, writers and composers in their stables, the­atres at their disposal. An average theatre season in New York might see several dozen plays and musicals open throughout the year, where only the most successful would return its investment. Touring productions to a circuit of theatres owned by the theatre syndicates attempted to make an additional profit and enhance the reputations of the actors.