Nutrient Reductions to the Baltic Sea: Ecology, Costs and Benefits

摘要

The environmental conditions of the Baltic Sea have been of concern for approximately the last three decades. In spite of this concern, the Sea is far from being in good ecological condition. One important reason may be the lack of an overview of costs and benefits associated with the pollution reductions needed for the restoration of the Sea. The purpose of this study is to present the costs and benefits from reductions in the loads of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Baltic Sea. In order to obtain such estimates, interdisciplinary co-operation among researchers from economics, geography, marine biology and ecology has been carried out.