Breeding and Genetics Symposium: Joint ADSA/Interbull Session: Ten Years of Genomic Selection

摘要

Genetic markers based on interrogated nucleotide variant sites havebeen used in cattle genetics since the late 1990s. Owing partly to theexcessive cost and labor-intensive means of assessing marker sites, suchas microsatellite repeats, their commercial use was relatively limited.Additionally, genotyping accuracy was error-prone and did not coverthe cattle genome evenly. In this presentation, we highlight 2 specificimprovements that started the modern genomics era. The developmentof high-resolution DNA sequence maps of the cattle genome and theadaptation of microarrays for high throughput genotyping served asthe catalysts for data collection for modern cattle genomic selection.Simultaneously, the development of computational methods for associatinganimal SNP genotypes with productive trait phenotypes improvedthe accuracy of animal selective breeding values by providing higherresolution of allelic transmission to offspring. The efficacy of thesetandem improvements has generated incredible value for the moderncattle breeder; however, many challenges and questions persist. Linkagebetween genetic markers and their associated causal genetic mutationscan be further improved by genotyping the actual mutation itself. Thereis additional novel sequence within the cattle pan-genome that is currentlynot represented in the cattle reference genome assembly, whichmay not be tracked by current genetic markers. Finally, methods need tobe developed that efficiently incorporate whole genome DNA sequencedata into genomic selection. Future techniques and technologies thatmay address these challenges will be discussed.