江戸後期-明治初期における厚田場所の土地利用と施設立地に関する考察: 北海道•厚田における漁場開発と集落発展に関する研究　その1

摘要

江戸中期から明治初期にかけて蝦夷地（北海道）沿岸部には最盛期で85ヵ所の「場所」と呼ばれる漁場が設けられていた。農業基盤を持たない松前藩の藩士に対する漁業権付与による知行制の一種であり、宝永度以降は、一時の幕府直轄期を除いて、民間の商人に漁場経営を請負わせる場所請負制が一般となつた。請負人たちは、拠点を定めて中心施設である運上家（運上屋）を設置し、海産物の取引や積出、アイヌとの交易、さらには船頭の世話、出稼ぎ人の労務管理を行った。%Atsuta Basho, one of the 85 fisheries in Ezochi (Hokkaido) in Edo Era, represents a specific settlement formation process while its location was deliberately chosen in order to fecilitate Unjoya, trading house equipped with accommodation for fishermen. This research based on the analysis of old documents and drawings executed by Kaitakushi (Hokkaido Development Government at the beginning of Meiji Period) leads to the clarification of unique land use system in Atsuta where indigenous ainu and Japanese immigrants shared living quarters along a river in Kotanbet. The reconstruction of the trading quarter in Oshorkot proves the juxtaposition of separated facilities such as Unjoya, administrator's houses and warehouses on an elevated terrace along the seashore. Comparatively wider ainu land property was maintained until the middle of Meiji Period despite the diminution of its population. The expropriation of Unjoya by the Kaitakushi government suspended the private initiative of local governance by the contractor, Hamaya, who consequently developed Kotanbet area by implementing wider private fishery facilities there, and radically transformed the land use and townscape of Kotanbet- Oshortot complex.