Smart microgrid optimal scheduling with stable and economic islanding capability using optimal load contribution as spinning reserve

摘要

Microgrids (MGs) can operate in two modes: grid-connected and islanded. Islanding can be scheduled or unintentional. MG should be able to maintain its stability in case of unintentional islanding. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the required spinning reserve for stable islanding. In this paper, a two-stage scheduling strategy is proposed to determine the required reserve for stable islanding by considering uncertainties of load and renewable generations. The proposed strategy uses advantages of the load as a reserve provider to compensate the deficiency of DGs and batteries in providing the required reserve. A novel objective function is proposed to determine the optimal amount of demand which considered as reserve. The objective function minimizes the sum of reserve preparation costs, expected cost of calling load reserve, and expected cost of emergency load curtailment. Another significant feature of the proposed model is its modularity that enables the model to be integrated with any other scheduling model. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated by mathematical analysis and numerical simulations.