Smart Cities, Smart Governments and Smart Citizens: A Brief Introduction

摘要

Although the field of study surrounding the "smart city" is in an embryonic phase, the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in urban settings is not new (Dameri and Rosenthal-Sabroux, 2014; Toh and Low, 1993; Tokmakoff and Billington, 1994). Since ancienttimes, cities andmetropolitan areas have propelled social transformation and economic prosperity in many societies (Katz and Bradley, 2013). Many modern urban sites and metros have leveraged the success and competitiveness of ICTs (Caragliu, Del Bo and Nijkamp, 2011). At least in part, the recent growth of smart city initiatives can be attributed to the rapidadoption of mobile and sensor technologies, as well as the diversity of available Internet applications (Nam and Pardo,2011;Oberti and Pavesi,2013).