THE USE OF NANOSORBENTS AND FRACTIONATION TECHNIQUES IN LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS

摘要

This research is devoted to the search of effective methods required for life support during long expeditions and follow-up rehabilitation, in particular, for biologic fluid clarification. The possibility of using filtration methods, including centrifugation (g factors: 1500, 1600 or 11,300), micro- (0.22 μm) and ultrafiltration (67 kD), as well as nanoparticles of magnetite Te_3O_4, synthesized by a polymer-mediated method in a matrix of humic and pectic acids by in situ chemical codeposition of ferrous and ferric iron chloride in the NH_4OH medium as biocompatible nanosorbents of lymph ingredients, is demonstrated. The work presents some results of structural investigations of nanoparticles using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray phase analysis. The mean size of particles, calculated by the Scherrer equation, as well as according to electronic microcopy data makes ～16 nm for Te_3O_4/HA and ～14 nm for Fe_3O_4/Pec. As controlled criteria of efficiency and mechanical processing and the sorption capacity we used the biochemical indicators of the content of their basic constant ingredient in lymph, the level of concentration of which can be used to evaluate the condition of cellular, organic, and general homeostasis at different diseases. It is demonstrated that mechanical processing (centrifugation and membrane filtration) allows a significant decrease - several times for some ingredients - of the investigated protein and lipid lymph components (in particular, the content of alanine aminotransferase reduced 20 times, of aspartate aminotransferase three times, of total cholesterol eight times, of creatinine six times, of total protein four times, and of albumin 10 times compared to the reference data) to their normal values. However, the content of glucose remains invariable for these methods of processing. The investigations of the sorption characteristics of magnetite nanoparticles to lymph components, functionalized by natural biocompatible polymers, demonstrated that the introduction of sorbents leads to sorption of actually all lymph components on their surface, with the exception of bilirubin. The content of lymph components decreased by 50% or more, compared to the original sample. The values of the steady-state concentration of lymph components after their sorption on the Fe_3O_4/HA surface are much higher than the relevant values for the composite based on pectin Fe_3O_4/Pec. The results of these investigations require further studies of conditions and techniques of liquid separation, thorough evaluation of stability and toxicity of modified nanoparticles, and a greater sample of biological fluid preparations.