Operational Levels of Cyber Intelligence

摘要

The hazards of cybercrime and the challenges of cybersecurity have been widely discussed over the past two decades. In 2012 the security firm Norton reported alarming statistics about the growth of malicious cyber activity. 1. In 24 advanced nations there were 556 million victims of cybercrime annually equating to 1.5 million daily or 18 per second 2. Two out of three adults online were victims 3. The cost of cybercrime was $110 billion annually, $21 billion in the U.S. alone 4. 85 percent of these direct financial costs result from fraud, required repairs or patching, theft and loss of intellectual property In October 2011, the then-Executive Assistant Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Shawn Henry, reported on a cyber intrusion in which ten years' worth of research and development-valued at $1 billion-was stolen virtually overnight.