Energy scheduling model considering penalty mechanism in transactive energy markets: A hybrid approach

摘要

Massive penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) in distribution networks necessitates the need for a dynamic marketplace in the bottom layer to balance the generation and load demand. In future, transactive energy (TE) concept would establish such a dynamic platform that engages the local players in energy transactions. However, uncertainties associated with the local entities and the submission of the unrealistic bids by the agents would significantly upset the energy trading in the TE market. As a result, the DER agents would encounter unplanned penalties for the unsupplied energy, thereby discouraging them to participate in the energy markets. Moreover, treating DER agents equally as the traditional generators when enforcing penalties is also not encouraging. To this context, a well-organized decision-making model for DER agents is proposed in this paper that has the ability to select most profitable actions among the multiple bids while turning down the effects of penalties. The proposed model manages the DER units and performs transactions optimally such that the overall profit increases. Decisive operation is performed using a hybrid approach that comprises of water cycle algorithm (WCA) and interior point (IP) model and termed as WCIP algorithm (WCIPA). The performance of hybrid WCIPA is validated by comparing it with the state-of-art algorithms for the given problem.