Joel Levitt in his book The Handbook of Maintenance Management compared maintenance costs to an iceberg.2 There are the direct costs that everyone sees like labor and materials. These costs are often the part that management sees as a burden and are often the first to be cut when operations faces tough budgets. Then there are the indirect costs that lie below the figurative waterline. Factors like set-up time, missed schedules, excess inventories, crises management, customer complaints, and liability. These indirect costs are what maintenance management systems are meant to forestall and if implemented wisely these programs allow for increased cost control and aid in providing quality and a high level of service.
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机译：乔尔·莱维特（Joel Levitt）在他的《维护管理手册》（The Handbook of Maintenance Management）中将维护成本与冰山进行了比较。2每个人都将直接成本视为人工和材料。这些成本通常是管理层视为负担的部分，并且通常是在运营面临严峻预算时首先要削减的成本。然后，间接成本位于比喻水线以下。诸如设置时间，错过时间表，库存过多，危机管理，客户投诉和责任等因素。这些间接成本是维护管理系统所要防止的，并且如果实施得当，这些程序还可以加强成本控制，并有助于提供高质量和高水平的服务。
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