Today's approaches to solution development are still primarily based on "handcrafting" and bear little relationship to the asset-based engineering methods so successfully used in other disciplines. In this paper we argue that these handcrafting approaches have passed their "sell-by" dates, and a more disciplined and constrained method of system development is needed. We focus particularly on the definition of technical architectures as the basis for constructing applications. We argue that a constrained set of reference architectures for a given set of problem domains is not only feasible, but mandatory for large-scale enterprise development, and we provide some example fragments of reference architectures for the administrative systems domain.
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