Managing the tragedy: an inter-disciplinary model for managing the environment as inter- acting chaotic hierarchy

摘要

This paper describes Hardin's 'tragedy of the commons' as a variation on the prisoner's dilemma, and argues that most cases of environmental degradation can be seen as aspects of that tragedy. Many current environmental management systems are seen as failing to address the complexity of this situation and centre on reducing its social and biophysical aspects as complex into static and discrete entities. However, here it is proposed that environmental management needs to supplement this current reliance n the quantitative paradigm with a qualitative investigation of institutional culture.