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Kyytejä autolla. Automobiili kyyti laitoksen palveluksessa ennen vuotta 1914

机译:开车兜风。该车于1914年之前被工厂雇用

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Uuden teknologian kehittäminen ja käyttöönottaminen voi perustua aikaisemman puutteen täyttämiseen tai kokonaan uuden toimintatavan luomiseen. Toimintamalleissa saattaa olla pullonkaula, joka on ratkaistava ennen kuin koko tuotantoketjun sujuvuutta voidaan parantaa. Teknologinen innovaatio saattaa synnyttää kokonaan uudenlaisen toimintamallin, joka johtaa vanhojen tapojen hylkäämiseen. Usein muutosprosessit kulkevat vaiheittain. Ensin pyritään sovittamaan uusi osaksi vanhoja malleja ja vasta myöhemmin ymmärretään kokonaan tuoreen toimintatavan tarpeellisuus ja tehokkuus vanhaan verrattuna.%The coaching system, a form of transportation plus accommodation, was deeply rooted in tradition. The old laws concerning the coaching system, dating back to 1734, allowed a certain flexibility. Although the coaching law had been renewed at the end of 1880's, the result was welcomed neither by the travelling population nor the coaching providers. The legislative season of the year 1900 saw the start of another reviewing process and subsequently ten years later, a resolution was reached. The law failed to pass, however, due internal disputes between the parliament and the ruler. Thus, the old practices simply remained in place, but traces of the 1910 parliamentary discussions were reflected in the newspapers of the day. It was generally understood that the use of the motor car was allowed for coaching purposes. A Turku-based limited company, Oy Victor Forselius Ab, marketed the automobile to coaching inns as early as 1901 with the claim that it would be less costly than a horse for the innkeepers. Calculations proved the point. Confirmation came also via The Kurkimäki Inn's "account books", which, most likely, dated to the early 1920's. Providing a coaching service meant that transportation had to be kept at the ready and the coach horses could not be used for other tasks. Yet, they needed to be fed. The automobile, as Forselius put it, "causes no costs when on standby, only when moving". The permits for inn-keeping and coaching were auctioned for five-year terms. There are no extant documents by private auction participants that would indicate the means of transport used for providing the coach service. Details about a possible use of automobiles are random mentions in newspapers as well as singular memoirs and interviews. The first mentions are from the beginning of the 1911-1915 inn-keeping season. Based on the few cases, however, it can be inferred that the motor car did influence inn-keeping practices. New technological aspects encouraged novel uses: not merely replacing the horse by a combustion engine. The experiences of the inn-keepers at Kallislahti and Syväys brought about an entirely new travelling service. The automobile, as compared to the horse, enabled a longer journey to successive lodgings. The Syväys inn-keepers applied for a coaching service permit for the entire length of Oulujoki, between Oulu and Vaala. Kallislahti Inn also applied for extended permits, but the exact routes are not known. Most likely the routes changed according to the progress of the railway that was being built. The two automobile vehicles of the inn probably offered journeys from the Kallislahti railway station to the direction of Juva and Sulkava. Had automobile use been possible throughout the year, it would have been viable - in particular, in regions where journeys were rarely undertaken.
机译:新技术的开发和引进可以基于填补以前的空白或创建全新的工作方式。在改善整个生产链的流程之前,运营模型可能存在瓶颈,需要解决。技术创新可能会产生一种全新的运营模式,从而导致放弃旧的方式。变更过程通常是分阶段进行的。首先,我们尝试使新模型适合旧模型,然后才完全理解与旧模型相比,新方法的必要性和效率。%教练系统(一种运输加住宿的形式)深深植根于传统。有关教练系统的旧法律可以追溯到1734年,具有一定的灵活性。尽管教练法在1880年代末得到了更新,但其结果既不受旅行人群的欢迎,也不受教练提供者的欢迎。 1900年的立法季节开始了另一次审查程序,随后十年后,达成了一项决议。然而,由于议会与统治者之间的内部纠纷,法律未能通过。因此,过去的做法只是保留了下来,但1910年议会讨论的痕迹却反映在当时的报纸上。人们普遍认为,出于教练目的,允许使用汽车。一家成立于Turku的有限公司Oy Victor Forselius Ab早在1901年就将汽车出售给教练Inns,声称这对于Innkeepers而言比马匹便宜。计算证明了这一点。 TheKurkimäkiInn的“账簿”也得到了确认,该账簿最有可能追溯到1920年代初。提供教练服务意味着必须随时准备运输,并且教练马匹不能用于其他任务。然而,他们需要被喂饱。正如福塞留斯(Forselius)所说,汽车“在待机时不会产生任何成本,只有在行驶时才造成”。客栈和教练执照的拍卖期限为五年。私人拍卖参与者没有现成的文件表明提供教练服务所使用的交通工具。有关可能使用汽车的详细信息,包括报纸中的随机提及以及单独的回忆录和采访。第一次提及是从1911-1915年旅馆经营旺季开始的。但是,基于少数情况,可以推断出汽车确实影响了旅馆的经营方式。新技术方面鼓励了新颖的用途:不仅是用内燃机代替马匹。 Kallislahti和Syväys的客栈管理员的经验带来了全新的旅行服务。与马匹相比,汽车使到连续下榻的旅程更长。 Syväys旅馆管理员申请了在Oulu和Vaala之间的整个Oulujoki的教练服务许可证。 Kallislahti Inn也申请了延期许可证,但确切路线尚不清楚。路线很可能会根据正在建设的铁路的进度而改变。旅馆的两辆汽车可能提供了从Kallislahti火车站到Juva和Sulkava方向的旅程。如果整年都可以使用汽车,那将是可行的-特别是在很少出行的地区。

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  • 来源
    《Faravid》 |2015年第2015期|47-61|共15页
  • 作者

    Reijo Valta;

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