The Impact of Economic Development and National Culture on Management Consulting Expenditures: Evidence from Europe and North America

摘要

This study examines the independent and joint effect of economic development and two national culture dimensions (performance orientation and uncertainty avoidance) on management consulting expenditures at the country level. Hypotheses are tested on a sample of 21 European and North American countries over a 20-year period. Results indicate that economic development and uncertainty avoidance are positively related to country-level management consulting expenditures. Moreover, the relationship between economic development and management consulting expenditures is stronger in countries high on uncertainty avoidance. On the other hand, performance orientation is neither directly nor indirectly related to country-level management consulting expenditures.