Gheory and computations are presented for the receptivity of a three-dimensional bounary-layer flow on a flat surface to a large-scale low-frequency periodic external forcing. The basic-dimensional boundary-layer and the disturbances and governed by the classical (non-interactive) Prandtl equations with a prescribed pressure gradient. The disturbance sources in the case of (i) injection/suction through the wall or (ii) free-stream oscillations interacting with irregularities in the wall geometry are assumed to be concentrated close to a sharp leading edge where the main boundary layer is approximated by a similarity solution of Loss (1995).
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