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Exploratory Data Analysis of the Multilevel Anthropogenic Copper Cycle

机译:多级人为铜循环的探索性数据分析

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摘要

A comprehensive multilevel contemporary cycle for stocks and flows of copper is analyzed by the tools of exploratory data analysis (EDA). The analysis is performed at three discrete spatial levels-country (56 countries or country groups that comprise essentially all anthropogenic stocks and flows of copper), eight world regions, and the planet as a whole. Among the most interesting results are the following: (1) EDA is employable and valuable for use in the analysis of material flows, especially those across multiple spatial levels; (2) All distributions of country-level stock and flow data are highly skewed, a few countries having large magnitudes, many having small magnitudes; (3) Rates of fabrication of copper-containing products for the countries are poorly correlated with rates of extraction, reflecting the fact that many countries that extract copper do not fabricate products from copper to any significant degree and vice versa; (4) Virtually all countries are adding copper to stock (in pipe, wire, etc.); These rates of addition are highly correlated with rates of copper entering use in all regions and are higher in regions under vigorous development; (5) With weak confidence, the rate of copper landfilling by regions is about one-half the rate of copper discarded; (6) The statistical distributions of both country-level and regional-level copper cycle parameters have successively lower standard deviations at later life stages; and (7) Copper flow distributions at different life stages tend to reflect those of lower spatial level extreme values, but Asia's and Europe's regional patterns are much more reflective of country-level distributions as a whole.
机译:通过探索性数据分析(EDA)工具,可以对铜的存量和流量进行全面的当代多级循环分析。分析是在三个离散的空间级别上进行的,即一个国家(56个国家或国家组,其中基本上包括所有人为资源和铜流),八个世界区域以及整个地球。最有趣的结果如下:(1)EDA可用于物质流的分析,尤其是跨多个空间水平的物质流的分析; (2)国家一级库存量和流量数据的所有分布高度偏斜,一些国家的幅度很大,许多国家的幅度很小; (3)这些国家的含铜产品的制造速度与提取速度之间的相关性很差,这反映了一个事实,即许多提取铜的国家没有从很大程度上制造铜的产品,反之亦然; (4)实际上,所有国家都在向铜(管子,电线等)中添加铜;这些添加率与所有地区的铜进入使用率高度相关,而在蓬勃发展的地区则更高。 (5)由于置信度较弱,各地区的铜掩埋率约为废铜率的一半。 (6)国家水平和区域水平的铜循环参数的统计分布在寿命后期均具有较低的标准偏差; (7)不同生命阶段的铜流量分布倾向于反映较低的空间水平极限值,但亚洲和欧洲的区域格局更能反映出整个国家水平的分布。

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