Continuous In-Stream Assimilatory Nitrate Uptake from High-Frequency Sensor Measurements

摘要

Recently developed in situ NO_3~- sensors provide new opportunities to measure changes in stream concentration at high temporal frequencies that historically have not been feasible. In this study, we used multiparameter sensor measurements to relate assimilatory NO_3~- uptake to metabolic rates and calculate continuous uptake rates for two stream reaches and a whole stream network. Two years of continuous IS min data from a forest and agricultural reach of the Selke river (456 km~2) revealed a strong correlation between assimilatory NO_3~- uptake and growth primary production (GPP) for the forest (r~2 = 0.72) and agricultural (r~2 = 0.56) stream reach. The slopes of these regressions were in agreement with predicted assimilatory N-uptake based on additional metabolic data. Mean yearly assimilatory NO_3~- uptake rates (U_a) were 7.4 times higher in the agricultural stream reach (mean 78.3 mg N m~(-2) d~(-1), max 270 mg N m~(-2) d~(-1)) than in the forest stream reach (mean 10.7 mg N m~(-2) d~(-1), max 97.5 mg N m~(-2) d~(-1))- Nitrate uptake velocities (V_(f,a)) tended to decrease with increasing nitrate concentrations for periods with high light availability. Percentage daily assimilatory NO_3~- uptake peaked at 47.4% of the daily NO_3~- loading input to the stream network across the entire watershed, whereas the percentage yearly assimilatory NO_3~- uptake was 9.0% of nitrogen loading to the stream network. This is a maximum because uptake can be revered by mineralization processes. The percentage yearly assimilatory NO_3~- uptake was lower in the forest-dominated upstream subwatershed (4.8%) than in the lower agriculture dominated subwatershed (13.4%).