Coprocessing of Industrial and Hazardous Wastes in Cement Kilns:A Review of Current Status and Future Needs in China

摘要

Coprocessing of wastes in cement kilns has just started in China. With approximately 50% of the world’s pro-nduction, the potential for saving nonrenewable fossil fuel and virgin rawmaterials by implementing this practice isnenormous. No regulatory framework, legal requirements, or standards are, however, in place. Draft technicalnguidelines and background documents have recently been developed, but these need to be adapted to specificnChinese conditions and regulatory requirements. Twelve cement plants, with 18 production lines, have recentlynbeen evaluated based on their capabilities to implement coprocessing on a large-scale basis. Results reflect thenvariability found in the Chinese cement sector, from small inefficient and polluting plants to modern dry pre-ncalciner kilnswith state-of-the-art performance.One common feature, however, is the general lack of coprocessingnknowledge, capabilities, and infrastructure in the Chinese cement industry. China needs to establish and imple-nment standards and requirements for coprocessing in general and for hazardous wastes in particular. Suchnstandards need to specify waste types, transportation, acceptance and control procedures, storage requirements,npretreatment and feeding of wastes, emission limit values, and monitoring requirements for products.