Expanding horizons

摘要

THE rules say it is not allowed. But this year a Nobel prize was awarded to a dead man. Ralph Steinman of Rockefeller University in New York, who discovered the role of dendritic cells in activating the immune system, died on September 30th. That news did not, however, make it across the Atlantic Ocean in time, and on October 3rd the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm honoured Dr Steinman with half of this year's prize in physiology or medicine.