Emulating nature The rise of industrial ecology

摘要

At the Kalundborg industrial park in Denmark, one industry's unwanted byproduct has become another's sought-after process input. Central to this heavy industrial complex are a coal-fired power station and oil refinery, which exchange waste steam, waste heat, waste water and waste gas amongst themselves and neighbouring industries, saving thousands of tonnes in greenhouse gas emissions per year and reducing water consumption by 25 per cent.