Poverty, Basic Services, Survival and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: some issues of public service professionalism, productivity and pay

摘要

Measured on the five criteria set out above, sub-Saharan Africa has not been developing since 1979. The exceptions — which are not as few as sometimes supposed — point to the possibility of positive change, not to a revisionist gloss claiming overall past or current success. Since 1979 sub-Saharan Africa has had a declining trend in output per capita, in food security, in earned import capacity and in share of world output and trade. Until 1992 it had rising shares of world conflicts and refugees and of absolutely poor people.