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The Association between Out-of-Pocket Expenditure and COVID-19 Mortality Globally

机译:在全球范围内的口袋外支出和Covid-19死亡之间的关联

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As the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic evolves, its disproportionate impact on vulnerable and socially disadvantaged populations are becoming more pronounced [1,2]. These differences have been attributed to existing health disparities which have been traced back to economic inequality [3]. This is not an entirely new phenomenon as the influenza pandemic in 2009 disproportionately affected the poorest fifth of England’s population [4] and death rates in some South American countries were up to 20 times higher than in Europe [5]. Pandemics are triggered by social inequalities and extreme poverty amongst specific groups and affluence among other groups amid greater global interconnectedness [6]. The links between socioeconomic indices (income, social class, occupational background, and educational achievement) and poorer health outcomes are magnified by COVID-19 [7]. Low socioeconomic status is associated with higher rates of comorbidities such as heart disease [8] and presence of comorbidities has been correlated with poorer clinical outcomes with COVID-19 [9].
机译:由于冠状病毒2019年(Covid-19)大流行发展,其对脆弱和社会弱势群体的不成比例的影响正在变得更加明显[1,2]。这些差异已归因于现有的健康差异,这些卫生差距被追溯到经济不平等[3]。这并不是一个完全新的现象,因为2009年的流感流行病不成比例地影响了英格兰人口最贫困的五分之一(一些南美国家的死亡率高于欧洲的20倍)[5]。在更大的全球相互联系中,在特定群体和其他群体中的社会不平等和极端贫困中,散发出来的淫荡和其他贫困人士引发。社会经济指数(收入,社会阶层,职业背景和教育成就)和较差的健康结果之间的联系是Covid-19的放大[7]。低社会经济地位与诸如心脏病[8]如心脏病[8]的较高速率相关,并且具有较差的临床结果与Covid-19 [9]相关。

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