Efficacy of ultra-low volume and thermal fogging as space spray for control of adult Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Holy Makkah (Mecca) city, KSA

摘要

Makkah (western Saudi Arabia) is one of the endemic areas of dengue fever. The efficacy of outdoorUltra-low Volume ( UL) with cyfluthrin 5% EW, and indoor thermal fogging (TF) with deltamethrin 2%EW as space spraying (SS), at the recommended and higher dose for controlling of Aedes aegypti wereevaluated in Alsharayie area of the city, following WHO standard protocols. Bioassay tests for femaleswere carried out for sugar- fed adults upon emergence (1-5) days. The efficacy of UL at differentdistances from the spray path (5, 15, 25, 40 and 50 m), and TF at 5 locations inside the house (center,corner, dark, window and hall) was also investigated. The data showed that the SS efficacy wassignificantly affected by the dose applied of pyrethroid. Tested distances from the spray path did notaffect UL efficacy. Similarly, the locations of the cages indoor showed no difference on the performanceof TF. However, it was observed that the TF efficiency was affected by the volume/size of the sprayedarea, i.e. ≤20 m2inside the rooms (73.8 to 96.6 %), compared with ≥30 m2 hall (57.7 to 79.7%).Regarding KdT, adults were rapidly knocked-down with UL (cyfluthrin) 29 min, when compared to TF(deltamethrin) 40 min. The results revealed that the LC50 and LC90 values for cyfluthrin against Ae.aegypti were 0.026 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L, respectively. While the respective values for deltamethrin were0.008 mg/L and 0.015 mg/L. It can be concluded that the two pyrethroids are not effective at currentlyrecommended doses SS against adult. Doses 300mg/L of cyfluthrin, and 160mg/L of deltamethrin provedto be more effective and recommended for the control of this vector.