Transmission and reflection are two fundamental properties of the electromagnetic wave propagation through obstacles. Full control of both the magnitude and phase of the transmission and reflection independently are important issue for free manipulation of electromagnetic wave propagation. Here we employed the equivalent principle, one fundamental theorem of electromagnetics, to analyze the required surface electric and magnetic impedances of a passive metasurface to produce either arbitrary transmission magnitude and phase or arbitrary reflection magnitude and phase. Based on the analysis, a tunable metasurface is proposed. It is shown that the transmission phase can be tuned by 360° with the unity transmissivity or the transmissivity can be tuned from 0 to 1 while the transmission phase is kept around 0°. The reflection magnitude and phase can also been tuned similarly with the proposed metasurface. The proposed design may have many potential applications, such as the dynamic EM beam forming and scanning.
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