The Effects of Self Efficacy and Collective Efficacy on Preventions Behavior of Community with Hypertention in Kupang City East Nusatenggara Province

摘要

Background . Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2007 showed that the prevalence of? hypertension in the population of Indonesia is about 30.3%. While in East Nusa Tenggara, The prevalence of Hypertension is still higher than national Standard; it is about 38%. An initial study conducted in several community groups in Kupang, 2010 revealed that the prevalence of Hypertension among communities was 40%. Moreover the study found out that the cases were mostly influenced by the lack of understandings in terms of preventions behavior of Hypertension. Unfavorable behavior reached 72% among those with hypertension and poor behavior in people who are not diagnosed by Hypertension (48%). The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of self-efficacy and collective-efficacy on preventions Behavior of Community with Hypertension. Methods. The observational analytic within case control design is used to study the variables with a convenience sample of 180 people with hypertension. The analysis technique used is based Smart Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (Smart-PLS). Results. The study also showed that the self-efficacy’s people in Kupang are high. The results showed 32.8% of respondents have good perception of self-experience. Based on Hypertension status, self-experience was 27.8% in people with hypertension and 37.8% in people who are not diagnosed by hypertension is categorized as good. Other people's experiences, about 38.9% are good category. While based on hypertension status, other people’s experience who are diagnosed and are not diagnosed by hypertension is mostly categorized in good and very good, 30% and 47,8% successively. While for verbal persuasion, 26.1% of them are good category. For those with Hypertension, 30.0% have good verbal persuasion and 34.4% of those without hypertension have excellent verbal persuasion. For Emotional state variable; 43.3% respondents have good perception in terms of emotional state. Community perception about self-regulation or self-management ability from external factors is counted at 23.9% unfavorable category. Moreover, 25,6% Hypertension people’s self-management ability is bad category, while people without hypertension is counted at 25,6% regarding good enough self-management. The Internal factors, 28,9% are pretty good.? Behavior prevention practiced by people in Kupang City consists of weight control, diet, exercise/ sports, restrict smoking habits and doing leisure activities and hobbies. The results showed that 31,2 % people always doing such activity to control their weight. While, 33,3 %? people who have already experienced Hypertension, does not do sufficient exercise, and 30% people without hypertension are always doing exercise. The study showed that the self efficacy has a significant effect on self-regulation, with a path coefficient of 0,276 and T-Statistic value of 3,108. Collective efficacy also has a positive and significant impact to self-regulation, with a path coefficient of 0,275 and a value of 12,289 T-Statistic. On the other hand self-regulation has a positive effect on behavior prevention, with a path coefficient of 0,887 and T-Statistic value of 41,962. Hypertension prevention behaviors have positive and significant effect on hypertension, with a marked positive path coefficient of 0,955 with T-Statistic value of 422,475. Conclusions: Self-efficacy and collective efficacy directly affects self-regulation, and then influence the hypertension prevention behavior. It is therefore suggested to create health policy regarding health promotion to communities.