The main purpose of this paper is to document a holistic modeling background and set up a corresponding mathematical theory in order to provide a rigorous description of cyber-attacks and cyber-security. The starting point is to determine the concepts of valuations and vulnerabilities of parts of a node constituent. Based on these two concepts, one may be led to consider the fundamental concept of node supervision and subsequently to give the definition of cyber-effects and from this the definition of cyber-interaction. As we shall see a germ of cyber-attack can be viewed as a family of cyber-interactions with coherence properties and depending strongly on subjective purposes, information and/or estimates on the valuations and the vulnerabilities of parts of the involved nodes. In general the germs of cyber-attacks can be distinguished in three types: the germs of correlated cyber-attacks, the germs of absolute cyber-attacks and the germs of partial cyber-attacks. This approach provides immediate possibility of rigorous determination of the concepts of proactive cyber defense and proactive cyber protection.
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