Background: There are insufficient data available on utilization and health care costs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The cost data for different health conditions and services is a major gap in Iranian health system. So this study is the primary or first step towards filling this gap. Objectives: This study aims to estimate the diagnosis and treatment costs of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 528 subjects. The subjects had been diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver. All the subjects had been referred to the Tehran Fatty Liver Clinic, a clinic of the Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, in 2009 and they had been observed for 2 years to determine the frequency of health care utilization (physician visit, laboratory tests, medication and cost of sonography). The costs of diagnosis and treatment for each person were estimated in Purchasing Power Parity dollars (PPP$). Results: The average total cost was 5,043 PPP$ per person in the 2 years of observation. Majority of these 528 patients (87.9%) had a BMI ≥ 25 (kg/m2). Also, 33.9% were diagnosed with comorbid diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), hypertension (HTN) and hypothyroidism (HYPO). Conclusions: The results confirmed that the total costs for non-alcoholic fatty liver among the Iranian adult urban population alone exceeded 1 billion PPP$ per year. These costs can be saved or reduced by effective disease management and early prevention.
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