Diyabete ?zgü Antikorlar ve Klinik Pratikte Kullan?mlar?

摘要

Type 1A diabetes results from the destruction of the insulin-secreting islet b-cells by an immune-mediated process. In the majority of patients, the clinical course is typical and there is no doubt about the diagnosis. However, the measurement of autoimmune diabetes markers is very useful in some situations such as differential diagnosis of type 1A diabetes and early-onset type 2 diabetes, as well as in the detection of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) cases. Moreover, in the type 1A diabetes prevention studies, autoimmune markers are needed for detection of individuals under risk and for their follow-up. The autoantibodies widely used in clinical course are: ICAs, IAA, GADA and IA-2 / IA-2b. Recently, a novel marker, ZnT8A, is described as a b-cell-specific antibody. In the present paper, the assay and clinical use of diabetes-specific autoantibodies are reviewed. Turk Jem 2011; 15: 8-12 ?zet Tip 1A diyabet insülin sekrete eden pankreas adac?k b hücrelerinin immun arac?l? y?k?m? sonucunda geli?ir. Hastalar?n ?o?unda klinik seyir tipiktir ve tan?da ku?ku yoktur. Ancak diyabete ?zgü otoimmun g?stergelerin ?l?ümü, tip 1A diyabetin erken tip 2 diyabetten ay?r?m? ve eri?kinde gizli otoimmun diyabet (LADA) vakalar?n?n tespiti gibi durumlarda ?nemli yararlar sa?lamaktad?r. Ayr?ca tip 1A diyabetin ?nlenmesine ili?kin ?al??malarda riskli ki?ilerin tespit edilmesi ve izlenmesinde otoimmun g?stergelere ihtiya? vard?r. Klinik kullan?mda en yayg?n olarak kullan?lan otoantikorlar ICA, IAA, GADA ve IA-2 / IA-2b’d?r. Son y?llarda, yeni bir g?sterge olarak b hücresine ?zgü bir antikor olan ZnT8A da tan?mlanm??t?r. Bu makalede diyabete ?zgü otoantikorlar?n ?l?üm ve klinikte kullan?mlar? irdelenmi?tir. Türk Jem 2011; 15: 8-12