Memory Impairments and Rehabilitation: Evidence-Based Effects ofApproaches and Training Programs

摘要

This paper provides an update and overview of the field of memory disorders and memory rehabilitation ofadults. Progresses in brain plasticity knowledge and neuroimaging observations about compensation after structural losseshave influenced non-pharmacological interventions, which represent a growing area with strong theories and explanatoryframeworks.Rehabilitation models may follow three directives not alternatives to each other: restore lost functions, developcompensatory strategies or adopt external memory aids. Because of treatment approaches have a differential effect ondistinct aspects of memory functions, and the assessment of the treatment outcomes is relevant not only at impairmentlevel but also at the disability level, the effectiveness of restitution oriented therapies and compensatory approaches wasevaluated. We discussed these different treatment approaches also reporting a survey of training results and systematicreviews findings. A large body of evidence seems to support, with different efficacy levels according to etiology and typeof brain injury, several training programs in stable individuals but not in persons with degenerative diseases. The presentpaper can serve as a guide for clinicians and researchers.