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Basic Paradoxes of Statistical Classical Physics and Quantum Mechanics

机译:统计经典物理学和量子力学的基本悖论

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Statistical classical mechanics and quantum mechanics are developed and well-known theories that represent a basis for modern physics. Statistical classical mechanics enable the derivation of the properties of large bodies by investigating the movements of small atoms and molecules which comprise these bodies using Newton's classical laws. Quantum mechanics defines the laws of movement of small particles at small atomic distances by considering them as probability waves. The laws of quantum mechanics are described by the Schr?dinger equation. The laws of such movements are significantly different from the laws of movement of large bodies, such as planets or stones. The two described theories are well known and have been well studied. As these theories contain numerous paradoxes, many scientists doubt their internal consistencies. However, these paradoxes can be resolved within the framework of the existing physics without the introduction of new laws. To clarify the paper for the inexperienced reader, we include certain necessary basic concepts of statistical physics and quantum mechanics in this paper without the use of formulas. Exact formulas and explanations are included in the Appendices. The text is supplemented by illustrations to enhance the understanding of the paper. The paradoxes underlying thermodynamics and quantum mechanics are also discussed. The approaches to the solutions of these paradoxes are suggested. The first approach is dependent on the influence of the external observer (environment), which disrupts the correlations in the system. The second approach is based on the limits of the self-knowledge of the system for the case in which both the external observer and the environment are included in the considered system. The concepts of observable dynamics, ideal dynamics, and unpredictable dynamics are introduced. The phenomenon of complex (living) systems is contemplated from the point of view of these dynamics.
机译:统计经典力学和量子力学得到了发展,并且众所周知的理论代表了现代物理学的基础。统计经典力学通过使用牛顿经典定律研究构成这些小物体的小原子和分子的运动,从而能够推导大物体的特性。量子力学通过将小粒子视为概率波来定义小粒子在小原子距离处的运动定律。量子力学定律由薛定er方程描述。这种运动的规律与诸如行星或石头之类的大物体的运动规律明显不同。所描述的两种理论是众所周知的,并且已经进行了充分的研究。由于这些理论包含许多悖论,因此许多科学家怀疑它们的内部一致性。但是,这些悖论可以在不引入新定律的情况下在现有物理学的框架内解决。为了向没有经验的读者阐明本文,我们在不使用公式的情况下,在本文中包括了统计物理学和量子力学的某些必要基本概念。确切的公式和说明包含在附录中。文字辅以插图,以增强对本文的理解。还讨论了热力学和量子力学的悖论。建议了解决这些悖论的方法。第一种方法取决于外部观察者(环境)的影响,这会破坏系统中的相关性。第二种方法基于系统的自我知识的局限性,在这种情况下,外部观察者和环境都包含在所考虑的系统中。介绍了可观察动力学,理想动力学和不可预测动力学的概念。从这些动力学的观点考虑了复杂的(活的)系统的现象。

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