This article investigates the historical formation of the presumption of innocence and its establishment in international norms of protection of Human Rights such as the Universal Declaration and the American Convention. It also investigates the reception by Brazil of such legislation and its corollary in the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988. The problem faced by the research is, being the Brazilian Supreme Court the guardian of the Constitution, and according to the constitutional principle of presumption of innocence, how it is possible to be admitted an arrest after conviction in the second instance, even without a final sentence having been passed? It is concluded that the constitutional principle has been violated since the Constitution is clear in establishing that the State of Innocence shall prevail until the final sentence of conviction has passed. The research was carried out by means of bibliographical research and of jurisprudence, in which the main concepts were explored in order to achieve the desired goal.
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