Dobzhansky and Sturtevant provided the first view of the molecular basis of species identity in their 1938 seminal study classifying the chromosome rearrangements that distinguish two Drosophila species [1]. Decades of study of genome architecture from an evolutionary perspective then followed, enriching our knowledge of developmental genetics, gene regulation, human genetic disorders, and cancer, while greatly contributing to the neo-Darwinian view of the divergence of species.
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