Comparative Characteristic of two Cultivars of Winter Common Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Cultivated in the Southeast of Kazakhstan using the Drip Irrigation Technology

摘要

The purpose of our research was studying the indicators of grain quality, productivity and analysis of anatomical stem structure during the full maturity of two cultivars of winter common wheat. Novelty of work consists in carrying out such a research using a local standard cultivar Almaly and a new cultivar SWW 2/127 grown using the drip irrigation technology. Researches were carried out in field and laboratory conditions using methods of field experiment, drip irrigation, microscopic section and biometric analysis. Stem structure of the 3rd internode, epidermis thickness, length and width of large conducting bundles, xylem length and width, thickness of parenchyma cell and culm thickness were analyzed. SWW 2/127 cultivar demonstrated increase of the values of these traits. Other biometric indicators of SWW 2/127 cultivar such as thickness of mechanical tissue and bark, length and width of small conducting bundles demonstrated their decreasing in comparison with Almaly cultivar. Some increasing of the total quantity of small conducting bundles of the primary bark of Almaly cultivar was noted in comparison with SWW 2/127 cultivar; and vice versa decreasing of the total quantity of large conducting bundles of Almaly cultivar was observed in comparison with SWW 2/127 cultivar. Almaly cultivar had higher rates of mass of 1000 grains (51.7 g), grain nature (772 g L-1), glassiness (85%), protein quantity (15.6%) and gluten quantity (34.4%). Both cultivars formed grain nature, glassiness, starch and protein quantity, gluten quantity at the level of State standards for strong and valuable wheat; gluten quality corresponded to the 2nd group. Indicators of the ear structure of Almaly cultivar were higher than indicators of SWW 2/127 cultivar. Productivity of Almaly cultivar was 91.8 centners per a hectare, seed sowing norm was 2 million grains per a hectare; productivity of SWW 2/127 cultivar at the same norm of seed sowing was 77.4 centners per a hectare.