Clusters: Viscosity Cause?

摘要

The significance of the work is determined by the need to develop a cluster theory of the liquid state of a substance in order to more deeply substantiate the viscosity, which is still expressed by empirical parameters within the framework of ideal ideas about the stratified flow of a liquid. According to the reference data on the dynamic viscosity of the melts for chlorides of the first group of the Periodic System, the approximating dependences in the form of cluster-associate and Frenkel’s models were constructed at various temperatures. The first model is based on taking into account the share of particles that cannot overcome the thermal melting barrier and thus serve to form virtual clusters and associates while preserving the structural motifs of the solid phase. In the framework of the cluster-associate viscosity model developed by the authors, these formations determine the melt viscosity and serve as flow units to which the energy of fluid motion is applied. The Frenkel’s model allows us to estimate the activation energy of fluidity. Calculations show that by comparing this energy with the degree of cluster association obtained in the framework of the cluster-associate model, a fairly close linear correlation is obtained, and the proportionality coefficient has the meaning of the activation energy per cluster. This energy does not go beyond the van der Waals energy of the unsaturated intermolecular bond characteristic of the interaction of particles in a liquid. This confirms the earlier established by the authors a similar pattern for melts of simple substances, based on the understanding of fluidity as a consequence of the destruction of cluster associates while preserving the clusters themselves.