Study on the Carbon Emission Reduction Performance of Resource Tax Reform: Based on the Perspective of Substitution of Factors of Production

摘要

Resource tax is an important means to regulate energy consumption. Recent years, in order to alleviate the structural contradiction of supply and demand of energy in our country, the resource tax rate was adjusted repeatedly. This paper introduced energy factor into the production function model, using 2003-2011 industry panel data to estimate the degree of influence of the adjustment of the resource tax rate to the factor input structure and the production efficiency of resource consuming industries. Through empirical research, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) The increasing resource tax accounted for the proportion of the total tax will prompt the resource consumption industries for re-allocation of production factors and capital and human resources elements will replace energy factor. This is conducive to optimize the structure of production factors, so as to promote the industry to improve production efficiency. 2) In high energy consumption industry, the substitution effect of capital factor on energy factor is more significant than the substitution effect of labor factor on energy factor; however, in low energy consumption industry, the substitution effect of labor on energy factor is more significant than capital elements’ substitution effect. 3) Compared with non-resource production industry, the impact of increasing the rate of resource tax on resource production industry mainly occurs as the alternative of labor actor for energy actor, and the substitution effect of capital is not significant.