Dogs and Birds Dry Food Fumonisin FB1 and FB2 Contamination and Their Relation to Ingredients and Packaging Characteristics

摘要

Fumonisin (FB1 and FB2) contamination and their relation to the ingredients composition and packaging characteristics were evaluated in dry foods for dogs and birds sold in Southern Brazil. Out of 50 dogs and birds food samples analyzed, 80 and 60% had FB levels detected above, the applied method (LC/FLD) limit of quantification, thus 0.04, 0.05 and 0.09 mg kg-1 for FB1, FB2 and FBtotal, respectively. Pet food levels ranged for FB1 from 0.04-1.60/0.07-0.64 and FB2: 0.04-0.27/0.12-0.45 mg kg-1 for dogs/birds samples, respectively. Those levels were lower than the international regulation (FDA, EU) for FBtotal (5 mg kg-1). Regarding ingredient composition, both food types (100%) had maize as the main carbohydrate energy source followed by rice (82%) and wheat (91%). The other grains toxin contamination related were in decreasing order of inclusion: Soybean, linseed and sorghum/oats mix (55/50, 37/50 and 9/50% for dogs/birds, respectively). Regarding fungi growth pet food humidity conditions while mc were high in the birds (10.0-14.0%; RSD 9.9%) food samples they were rather low in the dogs (6.8-10.4%; RSD 9%), with rather similar aw for both food (dogs: 0.48-0.65; RSD: 6.3% and birds: 0.53-0.78; RSD 11.0%). Although, the birds samples mc and aw were below Fusarium growth conditions, some of them could be enough for further toxigenic storage fungi growth as the pet selling food stores room temperature in Southern Brazil.