动静脉内瘘血栓形成危险因素与护理

摘要

Abstract：The autogenous arteriovenous fistula is the primary vascular access for hemodialysis patients, with advantages of lower incidence of stenosis, thrombosis or infection. This aim of this paper is to discuss the potential risk factors of thrombosis of the arteriovenous fistulas, such as high blood viscosity, poor vascular condition, lost function of AV fistulas, low blood pressure during hemodialysis, early adoption of AV fistulas, inexperience puncture methods and inappropriate pressure. Related preventive and nursing measures were also summarized according to the potential risk factors. In terms of patients, the protection awareness on arteriovenous fistulas and treatment of primary disease should be enhanced. Functional training should be carried out under the guidance of medical and nursing staff before and after operation. In terms of medical and nursing staff, the awareness on aseptic operation, puncture technique, choice of vascular for AV fistulas and monitoring on arteriovenous fistulas during hemodialysis should be improved to reduce the risk of infection and puncture failure. Furthermore, preventive intervention should be carried out to avoid the lost function of AV fistulas, in order to prolong the use of fistulas and improve the hemodialysis efficacy.