INFLUENCE OF WHEAT AND MAIZE STRAW RETENTION ON THE GROWTH AND GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE CROP

摘要

Wheat-maize straw retention coupled with fertilizer considered as an effective measure to soil fertility, growth and grain yield of summer maize crop. One of the important reasons for low and instability of maize grain yield is the lime concretion black soil of the region, with low soil organic carbon and poor soil fertility. To address this issue an experiment was carried out at the research field of Mengcheng Agriculture Scientific Institute Huaibei Plain china, to assess the effects of wheat and maize straw retention on growth and grain yield of maize crop for the two consecutive seasons 2017 and 2018 using randomized complete block design with six treatments and three replications. Results show that crop biomass was the first maximum at harvesting stage and least at the anthesis stage. Maize chlorophyll content increase in flowering stage in wheat & maize straw +fertilizer treatments then decrease jointing and mid grain filling in same treatment, where wheat/maize straw in addition to fertilizers was applied (T1), the maximum LAI of maize was recorded from anthesis to maturity stages in fields covered with wheat-maize straw + fertilizer application (T1) highest results at anthesis stage respectively. 1000 grain weight of a crop that has a vital role in the ultimate final grain yield, wheat and maize straw supplemented with fertilizers was significantly higher than control the maximum weight of grains was observed two years respectively. The maximum yield (9720.4139251.78 kg/ ha-1) was obtained towards T1, wheat- maize straw with fertilizer, while minimum (2018.33-4284.47 kg/ha-1) was obtained towards control T6. Through two years of experiments, it was found that the treatment of wheat-maize straw double-cropping returning to the field plus applying chemical fertilizer T1 was most conducive to achieving a high and stable yield of maize crops. Full straw return of both wheat - maize and fertilizer was more beneficial in boosting grain yield compared to a single crop, and that use of chemical fertilizer was necessary in straw return practice in Anhui Province, China.