RESEARCH PROGRESS AND PROSPECT OF GRASSLAND ESTABLISHMENT AND ECOLOGICAL ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN THE KARST ROCKY DESERTIF ICAT ION AREA

摘要

The project of grassland and animal husbandry is an important engineering measure to control karst rocky desertification and it is an effective way to restore ecological and economic development. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of grassland establishment and ecological animal husbandry in the karst area at home and abroad in recent 50 years. Firstly, through the analysis of the existing types of distribution field, distribution time, distribution institute and distribution country for the literature at home and abroad, according to development background of the karst rocky desertification, the grassland establishment in the karst rocky desertification area is divided into the initial development period (1969 - 2002), the rapid development period (2003 - 2008)and the research hotspot period (2009 - present); the development of ecological animal husbandry in the karst rocky desertification area is divided into the starting period (1982-2004), indepth study period (2005 - present). And then making a summary for the symbolic results: 1)basic theory: it has condition to develop artificial grass and ecological animal husbandry and it has been basically illuminated the outline of grassland establishment in the karst area of southwest China; 2)technology research and development: the technology of grassland establishment, supplementary feeding, lick block and other technologies have constantly improved; 3)mode construction: it has risen the combination mode of planting and breeding of mimic breeding, semi-feeding and semi-grazing, coupling of crop and grass and coupling of forest and grass for ecological animal husbandry in the karst area; 4)experimental demonstration: the demonstration base, health breeding technology and healthy farms of the karst grassland and animal husbandry in Guizhou which has significant effect to prevent and control disease for ecological animal husbandry; 5)benefit monitoring: the configuration structure of forestshrub-grass has better effect on microclimate, ecological diversity and soil environment, the monitor and evaluation of grassland gradually systematize, health breeding technology has obvious benefits to ecological animal husbandry. Finally, it is carried out prospects of key scientific and technological issues for artificial grassland construction with high yield, high quality and resistance, the production mode of shrub-grassland, updating of grassland resources database and improving of monitoring standards, the high-efficiency degradation technology of lignin, the health breeding mode of cattle and sheep with regional characteristics, the genetic inheritance of cattle and sheep with local characteristics and excavation of breeding potential, the regulation of protein and energy balance, coupling of agriculture and animal husbandry and harmless disposal of livestock wastes.