The Effect of Nutritive and Non-Nutritive Sweeteners on the Growth, Adhesion, and Biofilm Formation of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis

摘要

Objective: To determine the effect of glucose, sucrose, and saccharin on growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis . Materials and Methods: The growth rates of mono-cultures of planktonic C. albicans and C. tropicalis and 1:1 mixed co-cultures were determined in yeast nitrogen broth supplemented with 5% (30 m M ) and 10% (60 m M ) glucose, sucrose, and saccharin, using optical density measurements at 2-h intervals over a 14-h period. Adhesion and biofilm growth were performed and the growth quantified using a standard 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The biofilm architecture was visualized using scanning electron microscopy. One- and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to analyse the differences among multiple means. Results: The highest planktonic growth was noted in 5% glucose after 14 h ( p 0.019 in mono- as well as co-cultures ( p 0.35) was obtained for glucose and the lowest (>0.15) for saccharin. Conclusion: In this study, glucose and sucrose accelerated the growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation of Candida species. However, the non-nutritive sweetener saccharin appeared to dampen, and in some instances suppress, these virulent attributes of Candida .