A comprehensive inventory of ship traffic exhaust emissions in the European sea areas in 2011

摘要

pstrongAbstract./strong Emissions originating from ship traffic in European sea areas were modelled using the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM), which uses Automatic Identification System data to describe ship traffic activity. We have estimated the emissions from ship traffic in the whole of Europe in 2011. We report the emission totals, the seasonal variation, the geographical distribution of emissions, and their disaggregation between various ship types and flag states. The total ship emissions of COsub2/sub, NOsubix/i/sub, SOsubix/i/sub, CO, and PMsub2.5/sub in Europe for year 2011 were estimated to be 121, 3.0, 1.2, 0.2, and 0.2??million tons, respectively. The emissions of COsub2/sub from the Baltic Sea were evaluated to be more than a half (55span class="thinspace"/span%) of the emissions of the North Sea shipping; the combined contribution of these two sea regions was almost as high (88span class="thinspace"/span%) as the total emissions from ships in the Mediterranean. As expected, the shipping emissions of SOsubix/i/sub were significantly lower in the SOsubix/i/sub Emission Control Areas, compared with the corresponding values in the Mediterranean. Shipping in the Mediterranean Sea is responsible for 40 and 49span class="thinspace"/span% of the European ship emitted COsub2/sub and SOsubix/i/sub emissions, respectively. In particular, this study reported significantly smaller emissions of NOsubix/i/sub, SOsubix/i/sub, and CO for shipping in the Mediterranean than the EMEP inventory; however, the reported PMsub2.5/sub emissions were in a fairly good agreement with the corresponding values reported by EMEP. The vessels registered to all EU member states are responsible for 55span class="thinspace"/span% of the total COsub2/sub emitted by ships in the study area. The vessels under the flags of convenience were responsible for 25span class="thinspace"/span% of the total COsub2/sub emissions./p.