Nemacur Residue Analysis in Soil Water and Cucumber Samples Collected from the Field in Gaza Strip, Palestine

摘要

Application of Nemacur in Gaza strip increased rapidly as a potential alternative to the widely used soil sterilizing agent methyl bromide. Nemacur application may contaminate soil, water and plant systems due to its high solubility in water. The objective style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">of this study was to determine Nemacur style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">residues soil, water, and cucumber samples collected from a field plots applied Nemacur style="font-family:""> style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">at style="font-family:Verdana;">different field rates (0.0, 0.5 style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">F, 1 style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">F, 2 style="font-family:""> style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">F) where F is the recommended field rate style="font-family:Verdana;">of Nemacur (4 style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">kg/Hectare). style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">Nemacur residues were determined by chemo style="font-family:Verdana;">- style="font-family:Verdana;">assay style="font-family:Verdana;">and bioassay techniques. Results revealed that considerable Nemacur style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">concentrations were found in cucumber fruits and plant leaves. style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">Nemacur style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">residues were higher in water samples collected from sandy soil (7.2 μg/L) than from clay soil style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">(3.4 μg/L). Furthermore, Nemacur residues in sandy soil style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">(0.23 μg/kg) style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">were lower than those in clay soil style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">(1.3 μg/kg). In addition, Nemacur style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">concentration in top soil layer in clay soil style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">was lower than other layers. Nemacur residues in cucumber fruits grown in sandy soil style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">were lower than those in cucumber fruits grown in clay soil. Nemacur residues in cucumber fruits collected from the market were below detection limit of HPLC technique. Chemo-assay techniques determined lower concentration of Nemacur than bioassay techniques. It can be concludes that considerable concentrations of style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">Nemacur were found in all tested samples. Comparing with maximum residues limits style="font-family:""> style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">(MRL _{style="font-family:Verdana;">S} style="font-family:Verdana;">). Nemacur style="font-family:""> style="font-family:Verdana;">concentrations in various environmental samples were less than the maximum residues limits.