高校学生人格障碍问题的分布和特点

摘要

目的：深入了解高校学生群体中人格障碍问题的分布和特点。方法：采用人格障碍诊断问卷(PDQ-4+)对3552名高校学生(包括大学生和研究生)进行人格障碍筛查，并用人格障碍临床定式检测(SCID-II)对该群体中的边缘型人格障碍进行诊断。结果：1) 本科生PDQ-4+各分量表得分显著高于研究生(分裂性除外)；2) 男生在偏执型、分裂型、自恋型、反社会型、强迫型、被动攻击型上得分显著高于女生，在依赖型、回避型和边缘型三项上显著低于女生；3) 强迫型和边缘型在95的百分位上明显高于原量表划界分；4) 按原划分标准，强迫型阳性率最高，回避型、表演型、自恋型、边缘型等依次之，分裂性阳性率最低；5) 高校学生样本中边缘型人格障碍(BPD)的患病率大约为1.74%。结论：PDQ-4+高校样本在一些项目上存在性别和文理科的差异；PDQ-4+原划分标准不适合高校学生样本，建议在实际工作中采用新的划界分。 Objective: To achieve an in-depth knowledge of personality disorders prevalence features in the university students groups. Methods: Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 + (PDQ-4+) was administered to a sample consisting of 3552 university students (including postgraduate and undergraduate) to investigate personality disorder (PD) subjects, and BPD subjects were diagnosed by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV personality disorders (SCID-II). Results: 1) The undergraduates showed significantly higher than graduate students in the subscales for different types of PD (excluding schizoid) of PDQ-4+; 2) The males showed significantly higher than females in subtypes of paranoid, schizotypal, antisocial, narcissistic, compulsive-obsessive and passive-aggressive, and lower in subtypes of avoidant, borderline and dependent; 3) The results of Percentile showed that the scores of compulsive-obsessive and borderline were significantly higher at the point of 95% than cut-off scores of PDQ-4+; 4) According to the original classification, the positive rate of compulsive-obsessive was the highest, avoidant, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline followed, and schizotypal was the lowest; 5) The prevalence of BPD was 1.74% in the university students groups. Conclusion: There were differences in gender and art & science on some terms of PDQ-4+; the original classification of PDQ-4+ is not suitable for university students, it needs to be adapted when applied.