Role of Post-Harvest Residue Treatment on the Spring Crops Productivity in Haplic Chernozems

摘要

The investigation was carried out at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute during 2014-2016. The type of the previous crop post-harvest residue treatment (PHR- wheat) on the yields from sprig crops (common bean, maize, sunflower) was investigated in six-field crop rotation. The PHR were utilized in three different ways (removed from the field; chopped and subsequently incorporated into the soil; and burned). The productivity of the spring crops was significantly affected by the meteorological conditions and by the ways of utilizing the PHR. The complex action of the main meteorological elements was determining for the productivity of common bean and maize. These crops reached maximum productivity in 2014 - 2550 kg/ha and 9417 kg/ha respectively. The sunflower demonstrated high productivity in all three years of the investigation (over 3000 kg/ha), with a maximum in 2016 - 3517 kg/ha. The removal of the post harvest residues from the field decreased the productivity of common bean and maize in comparison to their plowing or burning. The burning of the PHR had negative effect on the productivity of sunflower in all three years of the investigation. In 2016, the greatest differentiation of yield was observed depending on the way of PHR utilization. Among the three spring crops, the positive effect of the plowing of the PHR was most expressed in sunflower. The interaction between the meteorological factor and the way of post harvest residue utilization was decisive for its productivity. Averaged for the investigated period, the ways of PHR utilization did not significantly influence the productivity of maize.