A Study on Resting Cysts of an Oxytrichid Soil Ciliate, Rigidohymena quadrinucleata (Dragesco and Njine, 1971) Berger, 2011 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), Including Notes on its Encystation and Excystation Process

摘要

This is the first detailed study on the morphology of the resting cysts of an oxytrichid ciliate, Rigidohymena quadrinucleata.Resting cysts were investigated using light microscopy, SEM and TEM. The cyst wall is composed of four distinct layers (from inside tooutside), namely the metacyst, the endocyst, the mesocyst and the ectocyst with spine-like protuberances. The cysts of R. quadrinucleatabelong to the kinetosome-resorbing (KR) type, which is typical for oxytrichids. The processes of encystation and excystation were observedonly in the light microscopy. During the encystation process, the trophic cell changes in shape and volume due to dehydration, fourmacronuclear nodules fuse into a compact mass, the ciliature is resorbed and cyst wall is formed. The most significant feature is surfaceornamentation and yellowish color of resting cysts. We also focuse for the first time on excystation process of R. quadrinucleata. We identifiedtwo excystation modes: (i) standard and (ii) rare mode. The beginning of both excystation is characterised by the formation of excystationvacuole which helps the excysting cell to break the cyst wall. The specimen regenerates within a thin, flexible membrane. During thestandard mode, the cell leaves the resting cyst in the membrane that is resorbed in the environment. During the rare mode, the excystationvacuole and the pressure of the regenerating cell break the transparent membrane that remains in the resting cyst. The results suggest thatnot only ciliate resting cysts, but also the excystation process is much more variable than what literature data indicate.