Management of ryegrass straw, fertilizer and drainage water, on flooded rice prodution

摘要

> size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Cultivation systems with minimum tillage are used to minimize red rice incidence, improving crop yield and the agricultural exploration of lowland soils. However, some limitations are present such as toxic substances due to anaerobic straw decomposition (prejudicial to rice plant establishment), as well as alterations on some available nutrients under flooded soil water conditions. The objective of this work was to compare different drainage systems; ryegrass straw management and time of fertilizer application on yield and yield components of rice plants. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State-Brazil. Three ryegrass straw levels (no-tillage with ryegrass were evaluated, ryegrass plant incorporated with rotary tilling and without ryegrass plant), three fertilization conditions (without fertilizer; fertilizer applied at the ryegrass sowing time and fertilizer applied at rice sowing time) and two drainage management (conventional flooded and flooded without drainage). Results demonstrated that yield and yield components of rice production was not affected by fertilizer application at ryegrass sowing or at rice sowing. Meanwhile, deep-water drainage suppression reduces the grain yield and yield components.