The optimization of flow control devices (FCDs) for a T-type five-strand billet caster tundish was carried out by water modeling and numerical simulation. In water modeling experiments, flow characteristics of the bare tundish and tundish configurations with designed U-type baffles and a round turbulence inhibitor were analyzed using residence time distribution (RTD) curves. Mathematical models for liquid steel in the real plant tundish were established using the fluid dynamics software package Fluent. The flow field, the temperature field, and the RTD curves of liquid steel in the proposed tundish configurations were obtained. The results of numerical simulation and water modeling were validated with each other by the predicted and experimental RTD curves. The results of flow field and temperature field were used to reflect the actual state of a real plant tundish and to choose the optimal FCD. Finally, from the whole performance of the multi-strand tundish, the optimal scheme was determined by combining the results of water modeling and numerical simulation. With the optimal tundish equipped with U-type baffle with deflector holes and round turbulence inhibitor, not only was the flow characteristic of each strand improved, but also the difference of flow characteristics between multiple strands was smaller.
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