Sydenham's chorea (SC), as one of the most common children acquired chorea, is a characteristic clinical manifestation of rheumatic fever in nervous system. This article analyzed literatures with the disease at home and abroad in recent years, and summarized related knowledge of its etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination, diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, it presented the latest research progress in this field. Clinicians should be comprehensive in the analysis of patients' symptoms, signs and results of auxiliary examination, so as to fulfill early diagnosis and treatment. Consequently, effective control of the symptoms, shortening of the disease course and improvement of the prognosis can be achieved.?doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.07.004.
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