The Multiple Life of Nerve Growth Factor: Tribute to Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-2012)

摘要

At the end of the 19th century, it was envisaged by Santiago Ramon y Cajal, but not, proven, that life at the neuronal level requires trophic support. The proof was obtained in the early 1950's by work initiated by Rita Levi-Montalcini (RLM) discovering the nerve growth factor (NGF). Today, NGF and its relatives, collectively designated neurotrophins, are well recognized as mediators of multiple biological phenomena in health and disease, ranging from the neurotrophic through immunotrophic and epitheliotrophic to metabotrophic effects. Consequently, NGF and other neurotrophins are implicated in the pathogenesis of a large spectrum of neuronal and non-neuronal diseases, from Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases to atherosclerosis and other cardiometabolic diseases. Recent studies demonstrated the therapeutic potentials of NGF in these diseases, including ocular and cutaneous diseases. Furthermore, NGF TrkA receptor antagonists emerged as novel drugs for pain, prostate and breast cancer, melanoma, and urinary bladder syndromes. Altogether, NGF's multiple potential in health and disease is briefly described here. Turkish Ba?l?k: Sinir Büyüme Fakt?rünün ?ok Y?nlü Ya?am?: Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-2012) An?s?na Anahtar Kelimeler: Sinir büyüme fakt?rü, TrkA, p75NTR, n?ronal hücreler, n?ronal olmayan hücreler, hastal?k, terapi 19. yüzy?l?n sonunda Santiago Ramon y Cajal taraf?ndan, n?ronal düzeyde ya?am?n tropik destek gerektirdi?i ?ng?rüldü, fakat kan?tlanmad?. Kan?t 1950'lerin ba??nda Rita Levi-Montalcini (RLM) taraf?ndan sinir büyüme fakt?rü (NGF)'nün ke?fi ile ba?lat?lan ?al??mada elde edildi. Bugün, NGF ve onun benzerleri, topluca n?tropinler olarak tan?mlan?r; hastal?kta ve sa?l?kta, n?tropikten immunotropik ve epiteliotropik ile metabotropik etkiye kadar uzanan ?ok y?nlü biyolojik fenomen mediat?rleri olarak iyi tan?mlanm??lard?r. Sonu? olarak NGF ve di?er n?tropinler Alzheimer ve di?er n?rodejeneratif hastal?klardan ateroskleroza ve di?er kardiyometabolik hastal?klara kadar n?ronal olan ve olmayan geni? bir hastal?k spektrumunun patogenezinde yer almaktad?r. Son ?al??malar, oküler ve kütan?z hastal?klar dahil, bu hastal?klarda NGF'nin terap?tik potansiyelini g?sterdi. Dahas?, NGF TrkA resept?r antagonistleri a?r?, prostat ve meme kanseri, melanom ve üriner mesane sendromlar? i?in yeni ila?lar olarak ortaya ??kt?lar. Tüm y?nleriyle, sa?l?kta ve hastal?kta NGF'nin ?ok y?nlü potansiyeli burada k?saca tan?mlanmaktad?r.